Quercus velutina (Black Oak) - QT

Black Oak is a versatile, medium-sized native shade tree that is well adapted to the conditions of the Midwest. The mature habit is highly variable, often having a rounded, open appearance or a narrow, irregular, wide spreading shape. Many leaf shapes are found on each individual tree, adding to the interesting variability found on this species. Fall foliage usually offers a pleasing display of red, orange, yellow and brown, later in the season than many other deciduous trees. The extensive taproot makes this a difficult species to transplant in general, so it is best to start with a smaller specimen to reduce damage and transplant shock. This is a good choice of shade tree for residential properties due to its adaptability to urban conditions and tolerance of tough environments.
Species in the Red Oak group, such as Black Oak, are unfortunately susceptible to Oak Wilt disease which is a fungal pathogen that is spread by bark beetles. Trees in the Red Oak group should not be pruned or otherwise wounded between April and October, and only clean, sterilized tools should be used. By spreading awareness, taking appropriate measures, and planting for succession, we can help to preserve these incredibly important trees.
Oaks are an ecological keystone genus which is invaluable to the food web and life cycles of insects, birds and other wild creatures. They are host to some 436 species of Lepidoptera, at the very top of the list for our ecoregion. Innumerable bird species rely on Oaks for their bounty of caterpillars and other insects, making them living birdfeeders. Oaks also provide cover, cavities for dens, roosts, and nesting sites. The acorns are a necessary food supply for birds and mammals alike. Deer and rabbits do tend to browse or strip the bark of young oaks, so protection (especially through winter) is highly advised.
Sources:
Manual of Woody Landscape Plants by Michael A. Dirr
Missouri Botanical Garden
Illinois Wildflowers
ODNR